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      [转帖]数控加工的仿真与实现

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      发表于 2006-7-3 17:56:00 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
      <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">、引言<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">通常所说的计算机仿真是指数学仿真,用数学模型代表仿真对象,便于编制仿真程序。在机械制造中最常用的是几何仿真。机械工程中设计、制造所涉及的产品都是有形的物体,是由线和面组成的,这些线和面以及它们之间的相互位置关系,与几何上点、线、面的概念是完全相同的。这就为用几何概念模拟工程中的点、线、面(仿真)提供了可能。所以几何仿真就是运用几何概念模拟工程中产品的外形及其形成过程。对于仿真的主要目的就是为了验证数控加工程序的准确性,另外还可以通过参数设置,通过模拟加工过程获得加工时间和观察加工后零件的形状等信息。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: DY356+ZKMCTl-356; mso-bidi-font-family: DY356+ZKMCTl-356; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: DY356+ZKMCTl-356; mso-hansi-font-family: DY356+ZKMCTl-356; mso-bidi-font-family: DY356+ZKMCTl-356; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">、</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">数控加工仿真技术的功能及过程<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: DY356+ZKMCTl-356; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DY356+ZKMCTl-356; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2.1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">数控加工仿真模块的功能要求<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">仿真模块是为了验证数控程序的准确性,数控程序是以文本文件存在的,仿真模块的功能首先必须能够访问并读取数控加工程序文件的内容;数控加工程序的编制必须符合相应数控机床的指令格式规定,<span lang="EN-US">CAD/CAM</span>系统提供了两种指令格式:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: DY355+ZKMCTk-355; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DY355+ZKMCTk-355; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">G</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">代码和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: DY355+ZKMCTk-355; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-family: DY355+ZKMCTk-355; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3B</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">代码;仿真模块的第二个功能是将文件内容翻译成刀位轨迹的数据信息以便于计算机处理,仿真模块得到刀位轨迹的数据信息后,必须处理这些信息将它们转化成绘图所需的图形信息;仿真模块的第三个功能是将数据信息转化成图形信息;第四个功能是根据这些图形信息,借助<span lang="EN-US">AutoCAD</span>绘图工具绘制出相应的图形,静态图形不足以反映数控加工的过程;第五个功能是将图形动态地显示给用户,为了方便工艺人员检查数控程序的正确性,要求程序与图形必须结合起来;仿真模块的第六个功能是满足从程序到图形之间的可视化对应。同时仿真模块在设计时应方便扩展,能够根据用户的需要进行功能扩充。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">2.2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">数控加工的仿真工作过程<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">首先,读取数控加工程序,计算机利用仿真程序对数控加工程序进行翻译、处理与计算,将有关信息处理成计算机绘图的有关数据,再利用计算机的绘图功能和动画技术,在屏幕上形象模拟数控机床加工零件的过程。若屏幕上的图形与被加工零件不符,则说明数控加工程序编制有误,返回修改,直到正确为止。仿真模块的工作过程如图<span lang="EN-US">1</span>所示。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><shapetype id="_x0000_t75" stroked="f" filled="f" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" opreferrelative="t" ospt="75" coordsize="21600,21600"><stroke joinstyle="miter"></stroke><formulas><f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></f><f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></f><f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></f><f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></f><f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></f><f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></f><f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></f><f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></f></formulas><path gradientshapeok="t"></path><lock aspectratio="t" vext="edit"></lock></shapetype><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">图<span lang="EN-US">1. </span>仿真工作过程</span></p>
       楼主| 发表于 2006-7-3 17:56:00 | 显示全部楼层
      <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">3</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">、数控加工仿真技术的实现方法<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">就数控切割机的数控系统而言,一般采用的编程指令格式是<span lang="EN-US">G</span>代码或<span lang="EN-US">3B</span>代码,二者在书写格式和指令含义上均不相同,不过在仿真的实现原理上是相同的,对于仿真程序而言,只在开始的翻译模块上不同,后续模块是一致的。因此,以<span lang="EN-US">G</span>代码为例来说明仿真技术在<span lang="EN-US">CAD/CAM</span>系统中的实现方法。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">3.1</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">数控指令格式及结构分析<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">在数控系统中<span lang="EN-US">G</span>代码的一般格式为<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">N_____G_____X</span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">±<span lang="EN-US">_____Y</span>±<span lang="EN-US">______</span>其它<span lang="EN-US"> F_____S_____T_____M_______<p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">上述各种功能符号的含义:<span lang="EN-US">N</span>是程序段顺序号,通常由<span lang="EN-US">N</span>和三位数字组成;<span lang="EN-US">G</span>是准备功能指令,与几何有关的常见指令有<span lang="EN-US">G00</span>点位控制,<span lang="EN-US">G01</span>直线插补,<span lang="EN-US">G02</span>顺圆弧插补,<span lang="EN-US">!*- </span>逆圆弧插补,<span lang="EN-US">G17</span>、<span lang="EN-US">G18</span>、<span lang="EN-US">G19</span>为加工平面选择,<span lang="EN-US">G40</span>—<span lang="EN-US">G44</span>刀具补偿,<span lang="EN-US">G90</span>绝对编程,<span lang="EN-US">G91</span>相对编程;<span lang="EN-US">X</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Y</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Z</span>、<span lang="EN-US">I</span>、<span lang="EN-US">J</span>、<span lang="EN-US">K</span>等是各坐标的运动尺寸,<span lang="EN-US">I</span>、<span lang="EN-US">J</span>、<span lang="EN-US">K</span>一般用于描述圆弧的圆心坐标,分别与<span lang="EN-US">X</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Y</span>、<span lang="EN-US">Z</span>对应;<span lang="EN-US">F</span>、<span lang="EN-US">S</span>、<span lang="EN-US">T</span>、<span lang="EN-US">M</span>是工艺性指令。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">数控加工指令有以下几个特征:<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)数控指令具有连续性。数控加工中刀具的轨迹以图元为单位(注:正确加工情况下,刀具的轨迹与零件的轮廓是一致的,应该是一个封闭环,其中组成轨迹曲线的独立线段,例如圆弧段、直线段称为图元。)是连续的,不间断的,所以数控指令中的几何描述也是连续的,上一个程序段的结束点恰好是下一个程序段的起始点。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)上一个顺序号<span lang="EN-US">N </span>与下一个顺序号<span lang="EN-US">N</span>之间为一个节。数控指令中有些功能是多节有效,有些功能是单节有效,仿真系统必须体现这种要求。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">3</span>)同一节中几何运动只能在某一固定的平面(<span lang="EN-US">XY</span>,<span lang="EN-US">XZ </span>或<span lang="EN-US">YZ</span>)中完成。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">4</span>)同一节中同一字出现多个,后者优先。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">3.2</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">数据存储结构设计<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">1</span>)图元设计<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">从以上分析可以看出,数控机床加工零件时,其几何轨迹通常采用圆弧插补和直线插补加工,因而数据存储结构中主要存储的是直线和圆。对于直线,因当前点已知,所以只需记录其结束点的坐标。对于圆弧,由于圆弧加工是固定在某一平面中的,圆弧的当前点已知,因而需要记录的是圆弧的圆心、圆弧的结束点以及是顺时针加工圆弧还是逆时针加工圆弧以及该圆弧所在的加工平面。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">(<span lang="EN-US">2</span>)存储结构设计<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">由于关于运动轨迹描述所采用的图元数据是连续的、有序的并具有确定的方向性,因而采用连续的、有序的数据结构比较好,本系统采用先进先出的图元数据集合。集合以图元点集为元素,按数据读取顺序进行排列,图元点集描述独立图元的数据信息。这样,按先进先出的顺序就将数控程序的文本信息读入取出,调用绘图程序绘出图形的顺序就与刀具的加工顺序保持一致。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p>
       楼主| 发表于 2006-7-3 17:57:00 | 显示全部楼层
      <p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">3.3</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">仿真程序的结构设计<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">仿真程序是实现数控切割加工过程仿真的关键,系统是运行在<span lang="EN-US">AutoCAD</span>的平台上,在仿真过程中需要不断调用<span lang="EN-US">AutoCAD</span>提供的各种绘图命令,为了方便与<span lang="EN-US">AutoCAD</span>的通信,本系统采<span lang="EN-US">AutoCAD </span>自带的<span lang="EN-US">AutoLISP</span>作为编程工具。其程序流程图见图<span lang="EN-US">2</span>所示。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">图<span lang="EN-US">2.</span>仿真程序流程图<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p>&nbsp;</p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">3.4 </span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">仿真程序举例<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">以下是一段延时程序,其实<span lang="EN-US">AutoCAD</span>自身有一个延时命令“<span lang="EN-US">Delay</span>”,但是,在实际应用中该命令的仿真效果并不好,模拟的刀具运动也不连续,为了获得连续运动的仿真效果,编制了专门的延时程序,并提供高速、中速和低速三种运动模式给使用者选择,取得了较好的仿真效果。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .5gd; mso-para-margin-left: 0cm;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">4</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">、 结语<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 18pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-line-height-rule: exactly;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">系统的仿真是加工轨迹的几何仿真,通过绘制小段图元和调用延时程序,使得仿真的过程具有一定的动画视觉,这还是一种静态仿真,如果将它进一步扩展,开发成具有三维立体效果的真实感动态仿真,就会有更好的效果。</span></p>
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