注射模基础知识

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<p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;">一、注射<span class="GramE">模工作</span>原理和结构组成</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;">任何<span class="GramE">注射模都可以分为定模和</span>动模两大部分。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;">注射模可由八大部分功能结构组成。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.95pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（1）</span></span>成型零部件<span lang="EN-US"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></span>这些零部件主要决定制品的几何形状和尺寸。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.95pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（2）</span></span>合模导向机构。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.95pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（3）</span></span>浇注系统。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.95pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（4）</span></span>顶出脱模机构。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.95pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（5）</span></span>侧向分型与侧向抽芯机构。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.95pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（6）</span></span>排气结构。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.95pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（7）</span></span>温度调节系统。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 48.95pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（8）</span></span>支承零部件。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;">二、注射<span class="GramE">模设计</span>一般步骤</p><p class="MsoNormalIndent" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 60.75pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1．<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>设计前的准备。</p><p class="MsoNormalIndent" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 60.75pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2．<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>选择模具的结构类型。</p><p class="MsoNormalIndent" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 60.75pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3．<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>分析研究注射机性能。</p><p class="MsoNormalIndent" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4; tab-stops: list 60.75pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4．<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>注射<span class="GramE">模设计</span>审核。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;">三、注射模零部件的标准化</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;">四、注射模<span lang="EN-US">CAD</span>简介</p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">在注射<span class="GramE">模设计</span>中，模具结构设计涉及的内容既深又广。在传统设计中，模具设计人员首先根据产品图，进行模腔尺寸换算得到模腔图形，然后，通过型腔布置、标准模架选择、流道设计、动模和<span class="GramE">定模部装图</span>设计、顶出机构设计、<span class="GramE">斜抽芯机构</span>设计、冷却系统设计、总装图设计等步骤，完成注射模总装图、部装图、零件图等的绘制。由于大多数注射零件形状复杂，传统的手工设计周期长，模具图的绘制也非常繁杂，所以利用计算机辅助手段<span lang="EN-US">(CAD)</span>来进行注射模的结构设计就很有必要。<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">（一）注射模<span lang="EN-US">CAD</span>系统的工作流程<span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（1）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>建立几何模型。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（2）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>工艺性考核。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（3）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>确定浇口形式。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（4）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>模具型腔数目和模具尺寸设计。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（5）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>标准模架选择。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（6）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>将制品几何模型转换为型腔几何模型（生成制品的外表面）<span class="GramE">和型芯几何模型</span>（生成制品的内表面），并把它们与模架几何模型合并以构成模具的装配图。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（7）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>浇注系统结构设计。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（8）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>冷却系统的设计。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（9）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>加入模具零件。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l10 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（10）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>装配图和零件图。</p><p class="MsoNormalIndent" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;">（二）注射模<span lang="EN-US">CAD</span>的特点</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（1）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>注射模<span lang="EN-US">CAD</span>系统具备描述物体几何形状的能力。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（2）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>标准化是实现注射模<span lang="EN-US">CAD</span>系统的有效手段。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（3）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>设计数据的处理是注射模<span lang="EN-US">CAD</span>中的一个重要问题。</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN-LEFT: 0cm; TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list 58.7pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（4）<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span>注射模<span lang="EN-US">CAD</span>系统具有广泛适应性。</p><p class="MsoNormalIndent" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;">（三）<span class="SpellE"><span lang="EN-US">SolidWorks</span></span>在注射模<span lang="EN-US">CAD</span>设计中的应用</p><p class="MsoNormalIndent" style="TEXT-INDENT: 22.7pt;"><span class="SpellE"><span lang="EN-US">SolidWorks</span></span>是一种功能强大、易学易用和功能创新的三维<span lang="EN-US">CAD</span>软件，具有三维参数化设计功能，对注塑件进行三维实体造型，并可用于注射模零件图、装配图的绘制，利用其零件图形之间的相关性，修改十分方便。其<span lang="EN-US">Mold Base</span>模块，可用于注射<span class="GramE">模标准</span>模架和一些标准零件的设计与选用。</p>