[分享][转帖]English Grammar

works007 · 发表于 2004-10-29 18:38:00

Causative constructionsWhen one does not carry out an action oneself but rather has the action done by someone else, this is expressed by a causative construction. In English it is the verb "to have" that introduces the causative. The model will generally be: "to have" (conjuguated) + direct objet (noun or pronoun) + principal verb (in its past participle form):<UL><LI>We'll have a monument erected on this site. <LI>I had my hair cut. </LI></UL>When one wishes to designate the agent of the action (the person who has carried out the described action), there are two possibilities:1. -- "to have" (conjuguated) + direct objet (noun or pronoun) + principal verb (in its past participle form) + "by" + agent (usually not as a pronoun):<UL><LI>The professor had the work done by his lab assistants. <LI>I had it done by my employees. </LI></UL>2. -- "to have" (conjuguated) + agent (as a direct object noun or pronoun) + principal verb (in its infinitive form) + the object (also in the form of a direct object noun or pronoun)<UL><LI>The professor had his students write an essay. <LI>I had him do it. </LI></UL>Note: Especially in spoken English, the verb "to get" often replaces "to have," in which case "to" is added to the infinitive (but not before past participles). This construction also suggests that it may be (or have been) difficult to produce a certain reaction on the part of the agent:<UL><LI>We'll get a monument erected on this site. <LI>The professor got his students to write an essay. </LI></UL>When one wishes to express a change in temperament or in general conditions, it is the construction "to make + adjectif" which is used:<UL><LI>That letter made her sad. <LI>He makes me furious! <LI>That new problem made negotiations really hard! </LI></UL>

a8910317 · 发表于 2004-10-30 10:34:00

miao · 发表于 2004-10-30 11:46:00

太牛了！就是一句也看不懂！[em06]

淘淘 · 发表于 2004-10-30 15:24:00

感谢works007让我知道这里还有个英语角！！

frdchick · 发表于 2004-10-30 16:43:00

hahaha....great..

lqqwfhy · 发表于 2004-10-31 10:48:00

辛苦辛苦！

litlly · 发表于 2004-10-31 11:39:00

I like it.

litlly · 发表于 2004-10-31 11:40:00

GOOD. Please go on.

zzm_2002 · 发表于 2004-11-1 14:24:00

牛呀？不好意思，我一句也看不懂！

kiss · 发表于 2004-11-1 18:37:00

感觉很好吗？

Heping_zg · 发表于 2004-11-1 18:48:00

这里怎么会有这个东西啊！

西双版纳 · 发表于 2004-11-2 11:01:00

让我看得好累啊[em02][em02][em02]

bbo · 发表于 2004-11-2 16:50:00

thanks

qweert · 发表于 2004-11-2 17:05:00

thank you!very good!

jijidream · 发表于 2004-11-2 21:49:00

jijidream · 发表于 2004-11-2 21:49:00

近视 · 发表于 2004-11-2 21:54:00

I'm very happy see so many English Gramer ,I like English very much at school.but I found I have a headache when I saw many English now.I don't know why?Who can tell me?

显示全部楼层 · 发表于 2004-11-2 23:15:00

提示: 作者被禁止或删除内容自动屏蔽

yesh927 · 发表于 2004-11-3 07:37:00

bumingbai

zhangzhong · 发表于 2004-11-3 08:48:00

辛苦辛苦

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[分享][转帖]English Grammar

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