●第一章 塑胶材料加工方式的选择
塑料产品之好坏与材料选择及加工方式之迥异而有极大之关系。对于任何欲制之塑品,其步骤为先决定何种材料能够达到其所须之物性,再来则为选择最适切与最经济的加工方式,最后则视产量之多寡而决定设备。
●1-1 塑料材料之选择
在大约探讨了塑料材料的基本物性,以下将做更深入的分析。下面所列之各表乃是依据标准方法制成试片所测得之数据,与实际生产所制出的成品性质仍有相当大之差距,但做为不同等级材料性质之比较已足矣。下表1-1为一般常见塑料机械性质之比较。
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/20036520272274223.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20036520272274223.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
表1-2则为塑料拉伸强度之范围,表1-3为抗冲击强度之范围。
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2003652028270061.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2003652028270061.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><img src="attachments/dvbbs/20036520281373190.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20036520281373190.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
表1-4及表1-5,则为塑料之其它性质。参考以上各表,即大约可知塑品用何种材料可达到其用途之所须性质要求。
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/2003652029520295.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/2003652029520295.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><img src="attachments/dvbbs/20036520291646121.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20036520291646121.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" />
一般而言加了玻纤后,可增加拉伸力、减少拉伸量、抗磨耗力降低、挠曲力增高、热变形温度增加、热膨胀降低及较不透明,而耐冲击力则不一定。但是硬度(除非高填充)、电气性质、抗化学性及抗天候性则甚无影响。
表1-6则为一般材料之机械性质之定性趋势表。
若是依各种用途来分,所使用之塑料大概可列表如1-7所示。
<img src="attachments/dvbbs/20036520294583749.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20036520294583749.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /><img src="attachments/dvbbs/20036520295342786.jpg" border="0" onload="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onmouseover="if(this.width>screen.width*0.7) {this.resized=true; this.width=screen.width*0.7; this.style.cursor=\'hand\'; this.alt=\'Click here to open new window\nCTRL+Mouse wheel to zoom in/out\';}" onclick="if(!this.resized) {return true;} else {window.open(\'attachments/dvbbs/20036520295342786.jpg\');}" onmousewheel="return imgzoom(this);" alt="" /> |